Within the framework of statistical physics, this problem was inextricably associated with the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which declares that entropy growth proceeds from the system's entanglement with the environment. In an ideal conductor with electron transmission equal to unity (T = 1) the low-frequency shot noise is suppressed. Uncovering the origin of the arrow of time remains a fundamental scientifc challenge. The discussion about charge fluctuations is restored (dropped from the JETPL text due to limitation in space). The manuscript is a revised and corrected version of JETP Lett.,70, 208 (1999). We also discuss fluctuations of charge in an ideal conductor. We show that the shot noise at finite frequency in an ideally conducting contact is finite and the spectral density of the noise has a singularity at the ”Josephson ” frequency ω = eV/�, set by the voltage. Such paired entangled states can be treated as decomposed Cooper pairs. ![]() Kosygina 2, 117940 Moscow, Russian Federation Abstract: The paper deals with entangled electron states arising in a normal conductor located near a superconductor. ![]() The exact formula for spectral density of current fluctuations at finite frequency is presented in terms of scattering matrix for a coherent quantum conductor. Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. We present the most complete scattering theory for noise in noninteracting case.
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